Adverse childhood experience detrimental to health and function

Traumatization, the operative infliction of a trauma/ traumatic event, may be described as the process(es) through which the criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are achieved. Trauma or a traumatic event stems from an overwhelming/excruciating bombardment of extreme stress that exceeds individuals' ability to cope, or integrate the cognitive-climate involved with that or those experience(s). Psychologically traumatic experiences often involve physical trauma that threatens individuals’ survival and sense of security with highly detrimental consequences for brain and CNS development [1]. In a group of childhood trauma survivors of foster care settings, trait anger, anger rumination, emotional abuse, and PTSD re-experiencing symptoms were expressed repeatedly with anger rumination related to meaningful past events as the central factor [2]. Tonic immobility, a temporary state of motor inhibition which is elicited in the context of inescapable threat and perception of entrapment, presents an involuntary motor and vocal inhibition reaction, considered the last-ditch response of the defensive cascade model. PTSD patients with high self-reported tonic immobility may offer a distinct stress response pattern, i.e., a proneness or predisposition to be afflicted by immobility. It presents a state of physical immobility associated with extreme stress and the development of PTSD and peritraumatic tonic immobility renders a massive link to sexual trauma, especially in child sufferers but strongly too in adolescents and adults, than to other types of trauma experience in the general population [3]. In a group of women (n=46) exposed to unwanted childhood sexual contact, negative beliefs about the self independently mediated the relation between peritraumatic perceptions of inescapability and PTSD [4]. Among a population of young, healthy adults selected for childhood abuse-threat, and in comparison with an un-abused control group, it was observed that there was less gray matter in the female participants within the visual posterior precuneal region following both subtypes, abuse-threat and deprivation, of childhood abuse than controls whereas the male participants showed a lesser volume of gray matter in the postcentral gyrus after childhood deprivation compared with abuse [5]. Childhood trauma exposure as flooding, earthquakes and rainstorms victims in China exerted a direct and positive association to depressiveness and PTSD arising from sleep problems, social support and resilience, fear and ruminations, self-esteem and hope and negative cognitions [6-11].